I've got this message from a friend..

"A fall from the fifth floor hurts as much as a fall from the tenth floor.

lesson? give it all.. it will hurt just the same.."


Well, I disagree.. According to the laws of physics, specifically about the free-fall motion, this is definitely not true.. y = y* + v*t - 1/2 gt^2 Consider y* as 15 meters from the ground to the fifth floor and 30 meters for the tenth floor. If this is a free fall motion, v* is equal to zero. We will consider the final velocity, which is v from v = v* - gt. Computing for the total time of travel, you'll set y to zero (to reach the ground). Obviously, the time of travel of the one from the tenth floor is longer than the total time of travel of the one from the fifth floor. Using v = - gt (v* = 0), the final velocity of the one from the tenth floor is greater than the one from the fifth floor. (Considering air drag, the values of velocities may decrease but still, the final velocity of the one from the tenth floor is greater than the one from the fifth floor.) Then considering Newton's third law of motion, the one with greater velocity will experience greater impact as it reach the ground. Greater distance from the ground = greater final velocity = greater reaction force the body will experience as it reach the ground. Therefore, a man that fell from the fifth floor has a greater chance of surviving than the man who fell from the tenth.

Lesson? Take time to know what will be the outcome of your actions. If you already know that you'll be hurt, stop and think for a while before going up another floor. Staying (going higher and higher) will just cause greater damage to yourself. Don't give your all, leave something for yourself. Be cautious as early as possible or you'll end up like the man that fell from the tenth floor. You may survive, but the fall will give you much impairment to the extent that you can't live normally anymore.

--Neory T. Mangaliman (2nd Year Engineering Student)


see? may connection ang physics sa love life! hahaha!

==I can't remember when I wrote this, but in Facebook, it was published on October 24, 2009.. I was taking Physics 2 that time under Sir Hermie Del Pilar.==

Girls, especially teens, are very much conscious on the way they walk, talk and on how do they look. Fashion for them is very essential. For most of the girls out there, fashion nowadays is already a need. Fashion is very important for a girl or a lady because the way one looks reflects her personality. Being not fashionable can affect one’s sociability and relatedness to others; also people can mark her as “out”.

Many boutiques selling fashionable clothes and accessories are scattered all over the country. You can easily find one near you. But most of the products they are selling are not that affordable. For example, a simple tee costs 250 to 1250 pesos depending on the brand name or where was it manufactured (here or abroad). Another example is a bracelet; it can range from 50 to 800 pesos depending on the materials used or the mark up price of the retailer.

We all know that money can’t be easily earned or found so we should budget it wisely. But limited money should not hinder a girl in being very pretty and very fashionable. This feasibility study will focus about how Arashii Neory will help girls to find fashion very beautiful and gorgeous without spending so much money. We will find out how to bring out the best on all girls out there without making their wallets suffer.


*I wrote this as my introduction of my feasibility study as a requirement for my TLE class. Since I was a child, I dreamt of having a fashion boutique of my own someday. I wrote this article on August 27, 2007. Now, it's Sept. 16, 2010, and I still don't have a boutique. Haha. Well, I know it's still early. I'm only 18 and I still don't have enough funds to create a fashion boutique. I'm still hoping that someday, it will come true, and... it will be a hit! =)

In the city of Quarks, there was this S4 or Sound Four who knew all the things about sound very well. S4 was consisted of Asi Domyouji, Lei Hanazawa, Mei Zuo Akira and Xi Men Soujiroh. They were popular not only in Quarks but also all over Asia. They were studying in Ying De Academy of Eitoku in Quarks. They were also the school’s heartthrob and the sons of the four main owners of the Academy.

One day, when the S4 was walking in the parking lot of Ying De, someone bumped Asi. The girl who bumped him was San Chai Makino. Asi shouted at San Chai with loudness in his voice. San Chai hates being treated that way so she shouted back at Asi “Who are you to shout at me? You’re such an arrogant dog!” Then she ran away from the S4. Asi, who’s very angry that time, shouted again “Hey you! How dare you call me a dog? Come back and I’ll show you what a dog really looks like!” Lei approached Asi, tapped his shoulders and said “I think she did not hear your last words. Remember the Doppler Effect.”

San Chai stopped running when she reached the rooftop. She shouted at the top of her lungs “You S4! You all look like a dog! I promise, I will never like you!” Then she heard her voice’s echo.

The next day, San Chai went to school early in the morning. She went to the locker area to get her things. And when she opened it, snakes started coming out! She screamed with a very high pitch of her voice. But her voice just exhibited reflection because the locker area was a closed place. When the snakes were gone, San Chai looked closely to the card attached inside her locker. It was a red card from the S4! She heard the sound of her heart beat faster. She knew what the card meant.

When she was heading home, she remembered that she has to buy a book for her project. So she went to the nearest mall and used the elevator to go up to the 5th floor of the mall. The elevator stopped when it reached the 3rd floor. The doors opened and there was Asi standing in front of San Chai. She felt nervous. Asi went into the elevator. The doors closed and suddenly the lights went off and the elevator stopped moving. They were both shocked. The two of them were not moving. The San Chai shouted for help. Asi told her “Stop shouting. There are only little slits in this elevator. Your voice can pass through the slits because of diffraction but I think the sound diffracted is very weak. It can be hardly heard by the people outside.” She answered back, “Alright, I’ll stop. But can you please help me think of a way to get us out of here? I thought you are intelligent. You know acoustics, frequency, interference and all that stuff.” “Acoustics is the study of the production and propagation of sound waves. Frequency is the number of cycles per second. Interference is the meeting of two waves. Ask me all about sounds and I can answer it. But I am not an expert in the art of escaping.”

They both sat down side by side. San Chai felt that Asi is hot. She thought he has a fever so he asked him “Are you alright? Aren’t you feeling well? You’re hot.” Asi replied “I am alright, I’m just…” and he fell down to San Chai’s lap. San Chai got her hanky and wet it with water. She then put it into Asi’s forehead. Hours passed and San Chai was still awake. Suddenly, Asi woke up and San Chai asked him “Are you feeling better now?” “Yeah, I’m feeling okay now. Thank you.” He replied and he tried to sat up. San Chai pushed him back to her lap and said “Just rest. It’s alright.” Then she got her harmonica and played it. Asi told himself that the music was so beautiful. “You’re music is very great. Do you know that resonance is the common cause of sound production in musical instruments?” Asi asked. San Chai just shook her head because she already forgot about it.

The next morning, they woke up when the elevator started moving downwards. When it reached the ground floor, they immediately run to get outside the mall. They walked side by side, and when they reached the main road, San Chai said with a blush on her face “I’m going home now.” Asi replied “Take care.” Then they walked on the opposite directions.

Asi stopped and shouted “San Chai! Thank you for taking care of me last night!” San Chai shouted back “I can’t clearly hear you! Remember the refraction of sound?” Asi ran towards her and said “I said thank you for taking care of me last night.” He kissed San Chai on her cheek and headed home. From then on, they became close friends and later on fell in love with each other.

*This story may sound ridiculous. Haha! As I was reading it, I was like, "Did I really write this?" Then I remembered Sir Bondoy asking us to write a story involving sounds and other scientific terms related about sounds, so all throughout the story, they were talking about sounds. I also did this in Physics class under the same topic, sound waves.

1 Corinthians 14:7-11
7And even things without life giving sound, whether pipe or harp, except they give a distinction in the sounds, how shall it be known what is piped or harped? 8For if the trumpet gives an uncertain sound, who shall prepare to the battle? 9So likewise ye, except ye utter by the tongue, words easy to be understood, how shall it be known what is spoken? For ye shall speak into the air. 10There are, it may be, so many kinds of voices in the world, and none of them is without signification.11Therefore if I know not the meaning of the voice, I shall be unto him that speaks a barbarian, and he that speaks shall be a barbarian unto me.


I agree with these verses. All that we can hear are sounds but do we ever wonder why a sound differs from another sound? The sounds may vary because of their different properties. These properties are pitch, loudness and timbre. Two sounds may have the same loudness but if they have different pitch or timbre, they are not the same. That is why the distinction of sound is very important. Without these distinctions, we can’t know what or who produced the sound we have heard. Just like the example from the verses, if sounds don’t have distinctions, how can we know if it is the trumpet that denotes war? How can we know if it is a fire alarm, or an ambulance coming or just the ticking of the clock?

On verse nine, you can see that air was the only one mentioned where we can communicate. Scientifically, it’s not only in air where sound can be transmitted or passed. Solids and liquids may also be the medium where sounds can pass. Actually, the denser the material is, the better the transmission of sound. But it made me think, why do people always communicate through air? It is rare to see two girls chatting using a wood as their medium to communicate, Isn’t it funny if you will see man talking with his mouth very close to the wall because the one he is talking to is on the other side of the wall? Honestly, if I’ll see one, I will laugh.

I strongly agree that all sounds are significant because God created all things with significance. When we talk, every word we utter has a meaning. The dog’s bark, the chirping of birds, the thunder, the sound of the waves on the sea, all these have their own meaning and significance.

Sounds are very essential for us, humans, to communicate with other people. We talk and we understand each other. Sounds are very important not only to us, but also on the communication of animals. Not all animals do talk, but they do communicate with the sounds that they produce. Observe your surroundings. You can hear a dog barking, and after a few barks, other dogs near it will also bark. This just proves that there is something in the sounds that they produce where they can communicate or “talk” to other animals. May be we can’t understand those sounds, but we still know that it do have a meaning. But if we don’t know that sounds exist, can we still use it as a medium of communication? Good thing we learned about sound and more about it because of the scientists that discovered it. We should value sounds like how we value other things. Sounds are also God’s gift to us, without it, I think our life will be incomplete.

*This one's a reaction paper about the verse. We had this in physics class. I was under Sir Bondoy, he was also our class adviser. Our topic then was sound waves.

Ito ang aking isinalaysay na talumpati noong Filipino 1. Nagandahan ako sa talumpating ito na isinulat ni Mia Lavetoria.


Naliligiran ng kaguluhan; mga taong walang pakialam at makasarili; nakalahad na mga palad sa lansangan at mga tirahang pinagtagpi-tagpi lamang. Ito ang kasalukuyang larawan ng bayang dating tinaguriang Perlas ng Silangan.

Nakalipas na ang ilang dekada ngunit hanggang sa ngayon ay hindi pa rin nalalagot ang tanikala ng kahirapang kinalulugmukan ni Juan dela Cruz. Ito ang puno’t dulo ng lahat ng pangyayaring nararanasan sa kasalukuyan ng ating bansa. Kung bakit sa bawat sulok ng dilim nagaganap ang mga krimen. Kung bakit nawawala ang pagmamahal sa isa’t isa. Ang siyang dahilan kung bakit patuloy tayong sinasalubong ng mga maliliit at maruruming paang nakalahad ang mga palad na sana’y ang hawak ay mga panulat at papel. Kung bakit mahigit dalawang milyong pamilya ang nakararanas ng kagutuman at malaking bahagi ng sangkatauhan ay natutulog nang gutom sa gabi. Kahirapang hindi nagpatuntong sa paaralan sa halos sampung milyong kabataan.

Subalit hindi lamang ito ang sanhi. Hindi lamang ang tanikalang ito ng kahirapan ang nagpapahirap kay Juan dela Cruz. Kasama sa sapot na bumabalot sa ating bayan sa pag-unlad nito, ang pamahalaang bingi sa mga hinaing ng mga tao, bulag sa mga batang naglipana sa lansangan at manhid sa init at lamig na nadarama ng mga Pilipinong walang tirahan. Hindi ba’t silang mga nasa likod ng lingkurang bayan ang nangako ng kariwasaan sa ating bayan? Sa matatamis nilang dila narinig natin ang milyun-milyong hanapbuhay, pabahay at iba pang gabundok na mga proyekto. Isa ang pamahalaan kung bakit kinakailangang may mga taong natutulog sa lansangan kung mayroon namang mga lupain na maaaring pagtayuan ng kanilang mga tahanan at nang hindi nila pilit na isinisiksik ang kanilang mga sarili sa riles ng tren at tabi ng ilog.

Dapat na tayong mabahala. Sapagkat sa bawat isang kabataang tumitigil sa pag-aaral, humihinto rin sa pag-inog ang mundo. Ang mga pangarap at kagalingan ng mga kabataang ito na maaaring mga susunod na pinuno ng ating bayan ay nasasayang.

May pag-asa pa. Sapagkat ako’y naniniwala na sa likod ng mga kalawang ay minsa’y isang kumikinang na ginto. Ang ating bayan ay dati ng tinaguriang Perlas ng Silangan at maaari pa nating maibalik ito na tulad ng isang kumikinang na ginto kung aalisin natin ang mga kalawang na nakapalibot dito.

Ako, kami, tayo, bilang mga kabataang Pilipino ang lalagot sa tanikalang nagpapahirap sa ating Inang Bayan at siya ring tutulong upang alisin ang mga sapot at kalawang na pumipigil sa ating bayan sa pag-unlad. Sapagkat ako’y naniniwala, ang kulimlim na ulap ay lagi nang nahahawi upang bigyang laya ang haring araw sa muling pagsikat nito.

*I wrote this for NSTP033.

Personally, I define the word “community” as a place where someone belongs. It may be a group where someone interacts with other people that have similarities or commonality with him/her. A community can also be a place where one could share his/her interest, thoughts, knowledge and everything that he/she have. I’m defining community as a place or a group. The words place and group may different in meanings, but no it’s not; it was actually interrelated. When I said that a community is a place where someone belongs, I am also referring to the group of people whom one has similarities with. It’s like saying, you belong to your family, and at the same time, you belong at home.

A community does not need to have a physical location to be formed. A community can exist everywhere. It’s not like building a tower in an island. A community, unlike the tower, can be built or formed without any land. The members of a community do not need to be living in the same country or any area. They can be miles away from each other and they may not even get to meet the other members of their community in person, like the online communities in the internet. They are not physically interacting with each other, but still they are sharing something that they have in common. So for me, the only keys to form a community are people and commonality. With these two, you can have a community where people could share anything that they have.

Lastly, for me, a community is like a human being. Its physical body could die, like a community that can be destroyed by a strong storm or by volcanic eruption. The physical location of the community may have been destroyed by the storm or the eruption, but the unseen bonds that connect the people of that community weren’t even damaged by those external factors. I remember a tagalong saying that goes like this, “Namamatay lang ang isang tao ‘pag wala na siya sa puso ng mga nagmamahal sa kanya.” This saying also applies in communities. As long as there are people that commit themselves as part of that formed community, that community will still exist even without the other physical factors.

*I saw this when I was trying to delete some of my nonsense files. I think this is a good memory for me. Way back in high school I always make reviewers for our exams. Some may think it's pathetic or just a waste of time but it really helped me a lot. Studying directly on the book is not of good use for me because I can't remember all the texts that I'm reading. I must admit that I'm not really good in History, as in really not good. Haha. That's why I exert the most of my effort doing reviewers and having memory aids to remember all the things that should be remembered in this subject. But now, I don't remember all of them. (Well, at least I'm honest. =p)

MODULE 26

Nagsimula ang pananakop ng mga bansang Kanluranin nang..
• Naglayag nag mga ito
• Biglaang pagbabagong pampulitika, panlipunan at pang-ekonomiya (dulot ng industriyalisasyon at urbanisasyon)
• Pangangailangan sa pagkain at hilaw na sangkap
• Biglaang pagdami ng populasyon
• Bagong teknolohiya (nagbigay lakas sa mga bansang industriyalisado)
• Kapitalismo (naghangad ng malaking tubo ang mga kapitalista na paiikutin sa market economy)
• Sanayin ang sarili sa pamamahala
• Manifest destiny o white man’s burden

Panahon mula 1914 – Westernization o paglawak ng pagka-Kanluranin

Komperensya sa Berlin 1885 – pinaghati-hatian ng mga bansang Europeo ang Africa

Uri ng mga Kolonya

KOLONYA – mahinang bansa sa ilalim ng malakas na bansa; bansang sinakop sa pamamagitan ng pagtatatag ng mga institusyon rito

PROTECTORATE – bansang binibigyan ng proteksyon ng mas malakas na bansa kapalit ng pagbibigay ng titulo at kapangyarihan

CONCESSION – mahihinang bansa na nagbigay konsesyon sa mga makapangyarihang bansa tulad ng espesyal na karapatang pang-negosyo
SPHERE OF INFLUENCE – maliit na bahagi ng bansa na kontrolado ng mas makapangyarihang bansa ang pamahalaan at pulitika

David Livingstone – unang misyonerong Ingles na gumalugad sa Africa
- 1854, Ilog Zambezi
- Unang dayuhan na nakakita sa Victoria Falls na ipinangalan niya sa reyna ng England
- Narating rin ang Nyasa Lake at Tanganyika Lake
- Namatay siya dahil sa sakit

Congo – maraming likas-yaman
- maaring kunan ng garing ng elepante (ivory) at goma
- maaring tamnan ng kape at beans
- minahan

*Madaling napasunod ang mga katutubo at makuha ang malaking lupain dahil sa isang kasunduan na hindi alam basahin.

Africa – 3 rehiyon
1. Hilaga – nakaharap sa Mediterranean Sea
2. Gitna – mainit
3. Timog - malamig

*Nang bumagsak ang Rome, nahiwalay sa Europe ang Africa.

Hilagang Africa – naging Islam
- yumaman dahil sa pangungulimbat ng mga sasakyang-dagat ng mga Europeo

Belgium – nakuha ang pinakamalaking bahagi ng Congo Basin 1885 under Haring Leopold II

France, Britain, Germany, Portugal at Italy – naghati sa natirang bahagi ng Congo

GREAT BRITAIN – may pinakamalawak na kolonya
 Sierra Leone
 Liberia
 Nigeria
 Tanganyika
 Congo-Bechuanaland
 South Africa
 Egypt
 Sudan
 Besutoland
 Transvaal
 Union of South Africa
 Gold Coast

Egypt – taniman ng bulak na mahaba at malasutla
Kanal Suez – magpapaikli ng paglalakbay tungong India

*Nagsimulang masakop ng Britain ang Egypt nang mangailangan ito ng pera upang ipagawa ang Kanal Suez. Umutang sila sa Britain ngunit hindi nabayaran. Ang naging kabayaran ay ang karapatan ng Britain sa Kanal Suez.

Egypt – naging protectorate ng Britain dahil noong 1882 nang magkagulo sa Egypt, nagpadala ng hukbong militar ang Britain sa Egypt

Cecil Rhodes – nagpuntang Hilagang Africa at nakuha ang Bechuanaland at Rhodesia

FRANCE
 Algeria – may bukal ng phosphate na nakapagpapataba ng lupa
 Tunisia – hinangad rin ng Italy
 Morocco – hinangad rin ng Germany
 Madagascar
 Sahara Desert
 Somaliland
 Congo

IMPERYALISMONG INGLES SA TIMOG ASYA

British East India Company – binigyan ni Queen Elizabeth I ng karapatan sa kalakalan sa pagitan ng England at India
- nagdala ng kaisipan, kaugalian, edukasyon, teknolohiyang Kanluranin sa India
- namahala sa India
- ngunit di nagtagal ang Britain na ang namahala rito

IMPERYALISMO SA SILANGANG ASYA

China at Japan – nanatiling isolated

China – naniniwalang nakahihigit siya sa iba dahil sa pilosopiya ni Confucius

Japan – isinara sa mga banyaga noong 1630 (Tokugawa Dynasty) maliban sa mga Olandes

Hong – mga mangangalakal ng Tsino

Lord George Macartney - ipinadala sa Peking ng mga Ingles upang makiusap kay Emperor Chien Lung na buksan ang ilang daungan ng bansa para sa kalakalan ngunit sila ay bigo

Kasunduan ng Nanking 1842 – binigyan ng China ang England ng karapatang mangalakal sa 5 daungan nito at binigay ang Hong Kong sa mga Ingles


JAPAN

Matthew C. Perry – ipinadala ni Pres. Millard Fillmore ng US noong July 8, 1853 upang humingi ng Cooling Station (pagkakargahan ng Karbon) at pagakakaibigan sa pamahalaan ng Japan

Kasunduan ng Kanagawa March 1854 – nagbibigay ng limitadong karapatan sa mga mangangalakal na ibang bansa

Japan – nagkaroon ng sariling modernisasyon habang ang ibang bansa ay nakikipagkalakalan sa kanila ngunit nagkaroon ng suliranin sa pagkain dahil paglaki ng populasyon

Digmaang Tsino-Hapones 1894-1895 – natalo ang Tsina at nakontrol ng Japan ang Taiwan, Pescadores Islands at tangway ng Liaotsung

Labanang Ruso-Hapones 1905 – natalo ang Russia at naging pangunahing bansa sa Asya ang Japan

UNITED STATES

*Nagsimula silang manakop nang kanilang natalo ang Spain noong 1898.
Nakuha ng US ang Pilipinas, Guam (naging himpilang dagat patungong Silangan), at Puerto Rico.

Dahilan ng pananakop
 ekonomiya
 likas-yaman
 kalakalan

*Nang natapos ang 1st World War, nakuha nila muli ang Samoa (mahalagang himpilang-dagat) at Hawaii kung saan makikita ang Pearl Harbor na pangunahing basing pandagat ng US sa Pacific.

Central America – pinangalagaan ng US dahil mahalaga ito bilang pamilihan at pagkukunan ng hilaw na sangkap

Australia at New Zealand – nakaligtas sa pagkakaroon ng hidwaan ng mga bansang mananakop

EPEKTO NG IKALAWANG YUGTO NG KOLONISASYON

Sa mga bansang nanakop…

 nagkaroon ng kapangyarihang pangkabuhayan , pampulitika at pangkultura
 paglala ng paniniwala sa kalamangan ng mga Kanluranin sa mga etniko, lalo na sa mga itim
 sigalutan dahil sa pag-aagawan ng kayamanan at kapangyarihan (tulad ng digmaang Ingles-Boers)
 Apartheid o segregasyon ng lahi upang pangalagaan ang 17% na Puti sa South Africa (nanaig at pinaboran ang mga puti)
 Pagsigla ng kilusan ng mga organisasyong panrelihiyon
 Nagtayo ng mga panirahan ang mga Europeo
 Pang-aabuso

Sa mga bansang sinakop…

 Pagbabago sa tradisyunal na Istilo ng Pamumuhay
-lahat ay nagtatrabaho
-Polo mula sa Spain
-Kultur mula sa mga Olandes
 Edukasyon
-paaralang parokyal at normal
-wakas ng slave trading (1807)
-William F.B Harrison – nagpatupad ng Pilipinisasyon
 Pagsibol ng nasyonalismo
-bunga ng edukasyon
 Pagbabago sa Kultura
-ginamit ang relihiyon at edukasyon upang maisagawa ang mga layunin
-Rebelyong Sepoy – bunga ng maraming paglabag sa mga kaugaliang Indian
 Pagpapakilala sa bagong teknolohiya
-sumigla ang kalakalan
 Pagpapatayo ng mga institusyong Kanluranin sa mga Kolonya
-Lord Cornwallet – nagtatag ng serbisyo sibil sa India

*suttee – pagpapakamatay ng isang biyuda
*creole – mestiso
- anak ng katutubo at mananakop

*Nawalan ng teritoryo ang France pagkatapos ng 700 years war.

MODULE 27

Hari ng France – walang kapangyarihan
- nahirapang pag-isahin ang France

Duke ng France – isa sa mga makapangyarihan

Panginoong pyudal – tulad lamang daw ng hari

Charles the Bald – nagsimula ang kasaysayan ng France
- sinundan ng mahihinang pinuno

Hugh Capet – duke na naging hari ng France noong 987
- una sa mga haring Capetian na namuno sa France ng 800 taon

Louis the Fat – unang nagsikap na lumakas at maging makapangyarihan ang pamahalaan ng France

Capetian Dynasty
• Hugh Capet – France ay nanatiling pyudal na pinamamahalaan ng mga duke at konde. (William the Conqueror – tanyag na duke)

• Philip Augustus – nagpahina sa mga pinunong pyudal at nagpatibay sa kapangyarihan ng monarkiya.

• Louis IX the Saint (St. Loius)– pinakahinangaang hari ng France, nanalo laban kay Pope Boniface VIII

Valois Dynasty
• Charles VII – hindi agad nakoronahan (Henry V ng England ay halos sakop ang France) Binawi ang Orleans sa tulong ni Joan of Arc. Nang si Joan of Arc ay nagtagumpay, saka siya kinoronahan.
-Kinontrol ang lahat ng simbahan sa pamamagitan ng Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges 1438
-natalo ang mga Ingles at nagtapos ng Hundred Years War

Bourbon Dynasty
• Henry IV (Henry of Navarre) – inapo ng nakababatang anak ni Louis the Saint
- nagbigay ng kalayaan sa pananampalataya (Edict of Nantes 1598)
• Louis XIV – 72 years namuno (pinakamahaba sa Europe)
- nakilala bilang Dakilang Hari
- “Ako ang Estado”
- Pinawalang-bisa ang Edict of Nantes
- Pinagtaksilan ng mga Huguenots

• Loius XVI – mahinang pinuno
-pagsalakay sa Bastille – dahilan ng pagiging Republika ng France
- naganap ang Rebolusyong Pranses sa kanyang Panahon

• Louis XVIII – malupit at ipinatapon ng France
- bumalik pagkatapos bumagsak ni Napoleon

• Charles X – huling haring ipinatapon ng France
- naniniwala sa banal na karunungan ng hari ngunit walang pakialam sa karapatan ng mga tao

France – nagtatag ng Republikang pinamumunuan ng Diractory (5 direktor)

Directory – mahina
- dahilan ng kudeta ng ilang pulitiko

Napoleon Bonaparte – heneral ng Corsican na iniluklok ng mga nagkudeta sa posisyon
- pinalaganap ang impluwensyang France sa Egypt at natagpuan ang Rosetta Stone

Konsulado – pumalit sa Directory
- binubuo ng 3 konsul

Abbie Sieyes – ninais pamahalaan ng konsulado

*Ngunit naging konsul si Napoleon at kinamkam niyang lahat ang kapangyarihan.

Napoleon – sinira ang alyansa ng Britain, Russia at Austria
- ginawang imperyo ang France at tinawag ang sariling Emperador Napoleon I
- nasakop ang halos buong Europe at naging panginoon ng buong Kontinente

Hangarin na talunin ang Britain – nahadlangan sa Laban sa Trafalgar sa pamumuno ni Lord Nelson

Labanan sa Leipzig 1813– natalo si Napoleon

*Ipinatapon si Napoleon sa Elba. Bumalik sa France ngunit natalong muli at ipinatapon sa St. Helena.

PAG-IISA NG ENGLAND

Magna Carta.

Richard the Lionhearted – lagging wala sa England; napataw ng mabigat na buwis upang masuportahan ang pakikidigma

Haring John – nagpataw ng mabigat na buwis at nangikil sa mga baron na naging dahilan ng pag-aalsa ng mga ito

Magna Carta – batayan ng kalayaan ng mga Ingles at Amerikano; nilagdaan ni Haring John

*Witan – binubuo ng mga maharlika, mahahalagang tao ng simbahan at mga may-ari ng lupa
*Simon de Monfort – namuno sa mga baron upang humingi ng additional rights sa mga hari

Parlamento ng England – nahati sa dalawa

1. House of Lords – obispo at dakilang maharlika
2. House of Commons – taong nagmamay-ari ng lupa at ordinaryong mamayan

ISANG DAANG TAONG DIGMAAN

- Digmaang England-France
- nais ng England na…
- mabawi ang kanyang lupain na nakuha ng France
- parusahan ang mga ito sa pagtulong sa mga Scot
- ipahayag ang karapatan ni Edward III bilang tagapagmana ng trono ng France

*Nanalo ang mga Ingles sa labanan sa Crecy, Poiters at Agincourt.
*Ngunit nagtagumpay ang France sa tulong ni Joan of Arc.

Joan of Arc – inakusahang mangkukulam at sinunog ng mga Ingles

REBOLUSYONG PURITAN

Charles I – malupit
- nilagdaan ang petition of rights
- inalis ang Parlamento sa loob ng 11 taon

Oliver Cromwell – nanguna sa Rebolusyong Puritan (labanan ng mga kabalyero at roundheads)

*Nanalo ang mga Roundheads (sumusuporta sa Parlamento) laban sa mga kablayero (sumusuporta sa hari).

MARINGAL NA REBOLUSYON

James II – malupit na Katoliko
- hindi bantog
- pinalitan ni William of Orange at Mary II
*Nilagdaan muna nila William at Mary II ang English Bill of Rights (nagagarantiya ng karapatan at kalayaan ng mga Ingles) bago sila kinoronahan.

PINAG-ISANG ITALY

*Mula sa himagsikang Pranses umusbong ang nasyonalismong Italyano.

Giuseppe Mazzini – pinakamasigasig na bayaning Italyano
- nagtatag ng Young Italy na ang pangunahing layunin ay pag-isahin ang Italy
- nakapagtatag ng republika sa Rome ngunit hindi nagtagal

Charles Albert – hari ng Sardinia; nagkaloob ng saligang batas sa Sardinia

Victor Emmanuel II – anak ni Charles Albert; tinanghal na hari ng pinag-isang Italy

Konde Camillo di Cavour – ministro ng Sardinia
- arkitekto ng pagkakaisa ng Italy
- nagpatupad ng mga reporma

France at Sardinia – nagkasundo na magtutulungan; nakipagdigma sa Austria; tagumpay

Lombardy – idinagdag sa Sardinia
Nice at Savoy – binigay sa France

Guiseppe Garibaldi – kasapi ng Young Italy
- nanguna sa mga Redshirts (mga Italyanong loyalista) sa paglusob sa Sicily at Naples (pinalaya)

Italy – napag-isa noong 1870
-nagkaroon ng pamahalaan, konstitusyon at Gabinete

PAGSILANG NG GERMANY

Germany – ibinigay kay Lothair sa Kasunduan sa Verdun
- hinati sa DUCHY (pinamumunuan ng duke)

Otto the Great – hari ng Germany na nais maging emperador ng Rome
- naging Emperador Augustus ng mga Romano

Germany – napagbuklod lamang noong 1871

Kongreso ng Vienna – nilikha ang German Confederation

Haring Frederick William IV ng Prussia – nagkaloob ng Konstitusyon sa mga demonstrador sa Berlin
- tinaggihan na maging emperador ng pinag-isang Germany

Asemblea ng Frankfurt – pambansang pagtitipon kung saan naghalal ng mga delegado ang pang-gitnang uri ng mga liberal; humina at nabuwag

Junkers – grupo ng mayayamang may-ari ng lupa sa Prussia
- humikayat sa mga pinunong Prussian na alisin ang mga taripa

Zollverein – itinatag na samahan sa adwana na nagbababa ng taripa sa mga kasapi

Otto Von Bismarck – punong ministro ng Prussia
- naniniwala na makakamit ang pagsasanib ng Germany sa pamamagitan ng dugo at bakal

Unang hakbang – pakikidigma sa Denmark

*Seven Weeks War – laban ng Prussia at Austria; nanalo ang Prussia

North German Confederation – itinatag ng Prussia na hindi kasama ang Austria

Versailles, France – isinilang ang bansang Germany

Kasunduan sa Versailles – nilagdaan ng Germany at France noong 1871

Pagkatapos ng digmaan…
William I – kinoronahan bilang Kaiser (hari o czar) ng Germany
Bismarck – chancellor o puno ng pamahalaan

The Freshman night of this year’s batch was scheduled from 4pm to 8pm. Haha. Classes were cut by 4pm. I was actually thinking if I’ll come or not because the ticket is worth 30 pesos but I’ll be staying until 6pm only. I really thought of it for quite a while and I finally decided that I would come because my friends were also coming. This was my first time, now that I am a Junior, to attend a freshman night. I didn’t attend our freshman night because my friends didn’t come also. We actually envy the freshies because their night was really great. They only had to pay 20 pesos for the entrance fee, baller, mammon, and drinks.

Our organization has our own booth, Cuff and Stuff. They made fun with Clang, Jedy, and Rainiel. Meg Ann paid our booth to get them cuffed all at the same time! Clang was really in shock while they were being cuffed. Haha! They stayed like that for, I think, 15 minutes (even if it should only be 10 minutes). That’s how Meg loves Clang.

After that we went around to see the other booths. We tried the Shoot-and-Win booth of CLC wherein you have to shoot a five-peso coin onto the boxes. If you successfully did it, you’ll win a tumbler! I tried twice but bad luck was with me! Haha! I didn’t take home a tumbler! When Sir Mesina saw me trying to shoot my second five-peso coin, he told me, “Di ba binigyan na kita ng tumbler last term?” (He gave me a tumbler as a reward because I scored the highest on his Economics exam.)

Jedy and Ian won on the Dart game of CLC. The prizes are three keychains with their pictures. They needed another person because the CLC three persons for the picture-taking, and I did come with them! So I have a keychain! Haha!

I got free isaw from Jerlito and Jett, and then pork barbecue from Rainiel. Haha! Dominic was so envious of me because many people treated me! My line was, “Uy! Libre mo naman ako ng barbecue!” Lucky me the persons that I asked have money! =p
When the clouds sprinkled some rain, I decided to go home.

I delivered this speech on July 23, 2010 during our Recognition Day on Francisco Balagtas Auditorium at Malayan Colleges, Laguna.

David Cook of American Idol once said, “If you don’t dream big, then what’s the use of dreaming?”

Good afternoon everyone. It’s a great honour and privilege to be speaking in front of you once again. About a year ago, at this very spot, I shared with you my hopes and dreams of becoming Engr. Neory T. Mangaliman someday. Today, I am another year closer to that goal.

I’ve been here at Malayan Colleges Laguna for two years already, and I must tell that it hasn’t been that easy. Compared to my freshman life, my second year here in MCL is much harder, tiring, and straining. I had lots of math, physics, and chemistry courses. The trials of being a student sank in almost immediately. I started to really realize what it takes to pursue a dream like this. I have experienced working ‘til midnight for a course requirement, accidentally sleeping in some of my classes because of lack of sleep, rushing to do a supposedly homework before the class starts, and of course, the legendary cramming before an exam starts. Thanks to these experiences, I can now say that I have at least grasped the art of pretending to be awake when you are actually asleep. I definitely mean no disrespect to my professors, but if there is one thing that I learned in my two years here it’s that it takes more than booksmarts to survive college; most of the time, you have to learn how to adapt and use the most of what you have.

In our classes, we are always told to do our best, but we are also reminded that our grades do not measure our intelligence. For me, grades measure how much time and effort you give and how much you value the people around you who have sacrificed so much for your chance at a good education, and later a good life. I don’t have skyrocketing IQ. I am not a bookworm either. I was just doing my best. Being a full scholar, without having to pay my tuition fee, is a great blessing already. I am doing this to make my parents proud of me. They were laid off last January 2009 because of the global economic crisis. Our family had to tighten our budget. Together with my four siblings, you can just imagine how much it takes for my parents to send us all in good schools.

When I was young, they told me how much of a blessing I am to them. In reality, it is I who is blessed with having so wonderful parents, who have given so much and asked for so little. To everyone here, we should never forget the people around us. To my parents, mommy, daddy, again I thank you for everything that you’ve done for me. I also want to thank my Ninang Elvie and Nanay Azon for always being there, supporting me and cheering for me. To my awesome friends, thank you very much. You have been my partners since day one. I am blessed with people who are not only my biggest supporters, but also my very present help in times of need. To some of them here, I share my victory with you.

To my professors, thank you for sharing your knowledge and wisdom with me and to the rest of the students here at MCL. When I was tormented between pursuing ECE or shifting to ChE, you were there to give me advice and help me weigh my options. I would like to give special thanks to Sir Monterey, for showing how much fun Chemistry is, also to Sir Tablante, for letting me have a gauge of what ECE is all about, and to Sir Del Pilar, for letting me into the world of electricity and magnetism for a term. Soon, I realized that the electronic world is not for me. Now, I am a part of the ChE family.

To some people, dreams are what they tell themselves every night to convince them that tomorrow will be better. For me, my dream is an inevitability. With hardwork, perseverance, love, and support from my family, teachers, and friends, and ultimately, guidance from God, I have no doubt that better things are yet to come. If I can do this, you can also do this. For now, we are all holding on to our dreams, but someday, in God’s own time, they will come true. Today, being an engineer is my dream. Someday, this dream will be my reality. Once again, a pleasant afternoon to everyone. Thank you and may God bless us all.

Credits to Meg Anne Santos and Ms. Joahna Eduarte for this wonderful speech.

I wrote this on July 13, 2010.

After class, I went to Mandarin to visit Nanay and to, again, check on her. While on my way, the two ladies seating in front of me on the jeepney were talking about death and the financial benefits that comes with it. They were holding some papers. I suppose that those were death certificates because the lady said to the other, “Titignan ko kung kelan siya namatay.” Then she went through the papers that she was holding. At first, I wasn’t really minding them, but after some time, I remembered my dream last night. There was this boy who had a terminal disease. He was dying and I hugged him. Then we both looked at the happy people around us. I thought myself, “Why is death always the topic?” I remembered Nanay, but I just shook the idea off my head. When I reached Checkpoint, I waited for my Dad to arrive. Then he came. When I was comfortably seated on the car, Daddy said, “Neory, bad news.” I paused for a while. I knew what was coming but I still asked him, “Bakit?” Then he replied, “Iiyak ka na. (Pause) Patay na si Nanay.” The news didn’t sink in immediately. There were no tears on my eyes then I asked, “Kelan?” with a straight face. I was looking very far ahead feeling numb. He told me that Nanay passed away at 10 in the morning. He said that the exact time was not clear. When they got to our house by 10:20am, Nanay was already dead. I also asked him where the body of Nanay is, then he told me that it was in the Key of Heaven Funeral Homes in G.M.A. When I already digested the heartbreaking news, my eyes clouded with tears. Soon, my tears were falling heavily. I cried until we reached our house in Sunshine Homes by 2pm, but I tried not to make a sound. I was just crying silently. They told me that they didn’t text me about it because they knew that I have an exam. They also don’t want to cry while I am on the jeepney. I understood them, because I know, I will cry upon hearing that.

I posted the news in Facebook. “Death leaves a heartache no one can heal. We already lost Nanay. I was four hours late.” My friends who have read the news immediately texted me. I was thankful for their condolences and concern. I waited until 4pm before leaving our house in Sunshine, then I went to our townhouse where Nanay’s funeral will be held. While I was walking, rain started pouring. I said to myself, “Ang malas ko naman. Umulan pa.” Then I later realized, that maybe, just maybe, the heavens are also in grief because of our loss. All the while, I was thinking about Nanay, so I started crying with rain falling from the sky. Upon reaching the main road, I saw the “Ambulance” of Key of Heaven Funeral Homes. Some bystanders who also saw the ambulance commented, “Ang dami namang namamatay ngayon.” I was still crying until I reached our townhouse. The silvery things that are used in a funeral were being brought down. Then, Nanay’s coffin came down next. Upon seeing it, I cried again. I can’t believe that Nanay was lying there already, and she’s dead, and I can’t be with her anymore. When her coffin was properly placed on the living room already, I stood beside it. I just looked at Nanay with tears flowing from my eyes for about thirty minutes. I actually didn’t notice the time because of the thoughts running in my head. Just two days ago, I sent out messages to my friends. Here’s the message.

“Please pray for Nanay (my Lola). She's suffering from kidney complications but she can't undergo dialysis because of her body's weakness. She's also having a hard time talking right now. Please pray for her strength. Please pray that she'll be strong again. Please pray that we'll have Nanay back to her old self again. I know your prayers will be of great help. I'll appreciate it so much if you would. Thank you.”

And now, she’s gone. Then I remembered the mother of Noel when she asked me, “Kamusta na Lola mo?” I wasn’t able to contain my feelings then I burst out with tears, “Wala na po siya.” Losing someone that you love hurts like hell. Nanay is gone and she won’t be able to attend my party anymore. She told that she will be going to my party. She told me that she’ll speak in front of everyone, give her gift to me, and tell me her wish for me. My dreams of spending some of my first salary for her and going to other places with her will remain dreams forever. I actually can’t explain how painful this is for me. Everytime I tell myself that Nanay’s gone, I lose much of my energy. But deep inside me, I know that death is inevitable. Each one of us, in God’s own time, will die someday. I know that I should be strong and that I should accept the fact that I will not see her for now, but I know that someday, we’ll meet again in heaven and when that time comes, I will be so happy.